Standards Of Business Conduct And Ethics Essay - 2059 Words

Standards of Business Conduct and Ethics The core of every organization is its workforce, and the effectiveness of the people within the workforce is fundamentally based on the strength and adaptability of the organization’s culture. At the inception of the organization, the character, personal morals and ethics of the founders will influence how the organizational culture develops as the company grows. Today, the business world is rapidly evolving and adapting to new technologies, globalization, and increased multi-national corporations and business partners. It is imperative, given the likelihood of business people to interact and partner with culturally diverse workforces, that organizations develop clear standards of ethics and policies that state the standards of conduct that are expected of their workforce, regardless of where they may be doing business in the world. Failure to write and implement those policies will leave the organization with a weak and undefined culture that is open to conflict. Organizations must be aware of the state of their culture and constantly be building and strengthen that dynamic entity of the company as newcomers are absorbed. The policies and standards must be clear and shared openly with all current and perspective employees. The leadership must also be aware of their influence and provide their employees with a model of behavior that communicates the values and expectations of the organization that will follow the membersShow MoreRelatedEthics And Code Of Ethics1043 Words   |  5 PagesEthics are concerned with how human been ought to act given a certain set of condition. The ethics govern an individual while making decisions especially when multiple choices are represented. 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3 Poems Free Essays

string(143) " directive verbs which addresses to another person such as \(listen, look, come \(2x\), run \(2x\), jump, shout, laugh, dance, cry and sing\)\." Republic of the Philippines Tarlac State University COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Villa Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City 73 Poems (A Stylistic Analysis) In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In the course EM9 Introduction to Stylistics Submitted to: Mr. Christopher Ronn Q. Pagco Instructor [1] (listen) this a dog barks and how crazily houses eyes people smiles [5] faces streets steeples are eagerly tumbl ing through wonder ful sunlight [10] – look – selves,stir:writhe o-p-e-n-i-n-g are(leaves;flowers)dreams ,come quickly come [15] run run with me now jump shout(laugh dance cry sing)for it’s Spring [20] irrevocably; and in earth sky trees :every where a miracle arrives [25] (yes) you and I may not hurry it with a thousand poems my darling [30] but nobody will stop it With All The Policemen In The World (E. We will write a custom essay sample on 3 Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. Cummings, 73 Poems) Introduction Stylistic is very different from studying literature. That is why it is really difficult to do a stylistic analysis than to do a literary analysis. Because when doing a literary analysis, you just focus on the elements of the story and the theory being used. It is totally different when doing a Stylistic analysis, which you should always be based on facts. That is why doing a stylistic analysis is really factual and complicated. In doing a stylistic analysis, we try to explain how the words in the text create feelings and meanings. I will be analyzing the 73 poems of E. E. Cummings. I will show you the stylistic features of the poem. Edward Estlin Cummings was born October 14, 1894 in the town of Cambridge Massachusetts. His father, and most constant source of awe, Edward Cummings, was a professor of Sociology and Political Science at Harvard University. In 1900, Edward left Harvard to become the ordained minister of the South Congregational Church, in Boston. As a child, E. E. attended Cambridge public schools and lived during the summer with his family in their summer home in Silver Lake, New Hampshire. E. E. loved his childhood in Cambridge so much that he was inspired to write disputably his most famous poem, â€Å"In Just-â€Å". Not so much in, â€Å"In Just-† but Cummings took his father’s pastoral background and used it to preach in many of his other poems. In â€Å"you shall above all things be glad and young,† Cummings preaches to the reader in verse telling them to love with naivete and innocence, rather than listen to the world and depend on their mind. Attending Harvard, Cummings studied Greek and other languages. In college, Cummings was introduced to the writing and artistry of Ezra Pound, who was a large influence on E. E. and many other artists in his time. After graduation, Cummings volunteered for the Norton-Haries Ambulance Corps. En-route to France, Cummings met another recruit, William Slater Brown. The two became close friends, and as Brown was arrested for writing incriminating letters home, Cummings refused to separate from his friend and the two were sent to the La Ferte Mace concentration camp. The two friends were finally freed, only due to the persuasion of Cummings’ father. E. E. Cummings experimented with poetic form and language to create a distinct personal style. A Cummings poem is spare and precise, employing a few key words eccentrically placed on the page. Some of these words were invented by Cummings, often by combining two common words into a new synthesis. He also revised grammatical and linguistic rules to suit his own purposes, using such words as â€Å"if,† â€Å"am,† and â€Å"because† as nouns, for example, or assigning his own private meanings to words. Despite their nontraditional form, Cummings’ poems came to be popular with many readers. Stylistic Analysis Before I start the analysis itself, let me tell first my initial interpretation of the poem. This is my general interpretation of the poem. 73 poems is a book which is a collection of poems by E. E. Cummings. It has 73 pages and each poem does not have any title. The poem that I will be doing a stylistic analysis is found on page 63. The fact the E. E. Cummings did not make or put a title in each poem gives the reader the permission to give their own title. So for reference, I will use the word ‘Spring’ as a title. Since, it is the first word in the poem written in capital letter. Cummings’ poems are difficult to interpret because they contain striking irregularities. Many of E. E. Cummings poems that I have read appear to all the joy and new things it brings in life but other works symbolizes negativity to mankind. ‘Spring’ is a reference for a new life. It is a beginning. I have related it in the life of everyone. After the winter which can be a symbol of problems and struggles, we people are happy in the fact that spring is coming which can be a symbol that every problem has its ending and solution. When you are somehow forgetting God and not putting Him in the center of your life, it is like everything is wrong. But when you put Him in the center of your life, everything seems alright. When everything goes wrong just keep your faith. You will feel blessed and at ease at all times. And this new life with the Lord is ‘Spring’. I came up with this interpretation by merely looking at the words and by reading beyond the lines. Linguistic Stylistic Features I easily noticed that the poem consists of many nouns and verbs. NOUNSMAIN VERBSADJECTIVESADVERBS doglistenwonderfulcrazily housesbarkseasily yestumblingquickly peoplelookirrevocably smilesstir faceswrithe streetsopening steeplescome (2x) sunlightrun (2x) leavesjump flowersshout dreamslaugh earthdance skycry treessing miracleis poemsarrives policemenhurry worldstop 192114 The nouns are mostly concrete and only two are abstract (dreams and miracle). Nouns that are related to nature are dog, leaves, flowers, earth, sky, trees, miracle and world. Nouns that are related to human are houses, eyes, people, smiles, faces, streets, steeples, dreams, poems and policemen. There are no neologisms and no morphological deviation which Cummings is fond of using. It makes use of directive verbs which addresses to another person such as (listen, look, come (2x), run (2x), jump, shout, laugh, dance, cry and sing). You read "3 Poems" in category "Essay examples" The most striking aspect of deviation in ‘ Spring’ is the constant use of lower case letters instead of capital letters which is known as the graphological deviation. It is very typical of Cummings’ poems so I will no longer give significance to it. Cummings’ desire is to break the normal convention. The effect of graphological deviation is to foreground the words which are written in capital letters. Since ‘Spring’ is the first word which is written in capital letter, I can say that it plays a big role in the meaning of the poem. Some of the words are really written in a strange manner. In lines 7 and 8, Cummings divides the word tumbling so that the progressive morpheme –ing appears on a separate line. In these lines, the verb appears to tumble from one line to the next. I think it is a way for us to understand the action being done as an important concept in the poem. In lines 8 and 9, the word wonderful runs across the morphemes (wonder and ful). I can interpret it in two ways, the noun wonder and the adjective wonderful. There is astrong element of foregrounding in the last stanza (With All The Policemen In The World) since the words start in capital letters which make it stand out. There is also lack of phonological parallelism, obvious lack of punctuation and it follows the grammatical ordering which follows the rules of syntax. Perhaps, Policemen is used because they are the stereotype example of powerful people. There is also the second pronoun (you) in line 26 and it has an addressee referred to ‘my darling’ in line 29. Suggesting that there is a romantic relationship between the speaker and whomever he is referring or addressing to. Semantic Deviation In lines 12 and 13, (o-p-e-n-i-n-g/are(leaves;flowers)dreams). In line 13, leaves and flowers mean that they are physically opening. Dreams cannot actually open. It breaks the rule of subject-verb-object. It will be more appropriate to say the leaves and flowers are opening. It makes me arrive to the interpretation that the poet’s dreams are opening metaphorically. In line 2 (this a dog barks). The possible explanation of this is that this is used to show that the speaker is referring to a specific dog, but a is used to show that the speaker is not sure of the dog’s name. Grammatical Deviation Cummings used much punctuation where it would not be necessary. Example is in lines 12 and 13 (o-p-e-n-i-n-g/are(leaves;flowers)dreams). This phrase is being bracketed where punctuations are not needed. In lines 3 to 6 (how crazily houses/eyes people smiles/faces streets/ steeples are eagerly) and in line 22 (earth sky trees) groups of nouns are often run together without punctuation. Cummings split the progressive participle ‘opening’ into its component letters (o-p-e-n-i-n-g). The hyphens are used to express that opening of Spring is a long, drown out process and slow. The following line (are(leaves;flowers)dreams) contains no spaces between words and punctuation marks. Dynamic verbs such as in line 10 (-look-) which comes with hyphens on both sides, the initial verb in line 14 (,come quickly come) which starts with a comma and in line 11 (selves,stir:writhe) which is connected by a colon and lack of space which makes them foregrounded. Actions are foregrounded in different ways. In line 15 (run run) I noticed that there is repetition of words. In lines 16, 17 and 18 (with me now/jump shout(laugh dance cry sing)for) the verbs occur in unpunctuated list. Tense Most of the verbs are in present tense. The simple present tense are barks (line 2), is (line 9) and arrives (line 24). There are present progressive verbs such as are eagerly/tumbling (lines 6, 7 and 8) and o-p-e-n-i-n-g/are (lines 12 and 13). There are also progressive present participles (tumbling and opening) indicates the ongoing nature of action. There are also four adverbs of manner which convey sense of speed (quickly), excitement (crazily, eagerly) and inevitability (irrevocably). Sound Patterns I found the repetition of particular sound which is in the phonological order. There is a degree of phonological parallelism in each stanza except the last two stanza. There are 3 repetitions of vowel sounds. how crazily houses (line 3) eyes people smiles (line 4) steeples are eagerly (line 6) †¦wonderful sunlight (lines 8 and 9) , come quickly come (line 14) sing) for it’s Spring (line 19) Conclusion The effect of foregrounding is to make it unusually easy for us to understand the poem. Actually after doing the stylistic analysis of the poem, I never thought that the real meaning of the poem is very superficial because on my interpretation is something that is not explicitly shown. And knowing E. E. Cummings’ of poems most of them or maybe a lot of them entails deeper meaning which you as a reader should really think of the possible interpretation of the poem. And ‘Spring’ is an exception to that. Now that I have analyzed the poem stylistically, I am in the position to give the meaning of the poem. ‘Spring’ is an active and dynamic poem since most of the words express movements and it involves senses. The poem is to be address to a lover that nobody can stop the love that he feels for the love if his life. It is also to acknowledge the inevitability of the natural world. With All The Policemen In The World expresses that nothing or nobody is able to stop the progression of Spring or the poet’s love to his addressee. Reflection Essay â€Å"Am I able to do it? † that is the question that really tickled my mind and bothered me a lot. Stylistic analysis is a new endeavor for me. It is very far different from doing a literary analysis and critizing a literary piece which I am comfortable and confident in doing. When I am doing the analysis itself, I can say that the feeling is really vague. It is like I am on something and I do not know where and what to do. I do not know how to start. But as I am on the process of doing the stylistic analysis, I felt a part of me feeling fulfillment. The most important thing that I have learned in doing the stylistic analysis is discipline as how foregrounding is the corner stone of stylistics. Because I believe that discipline is the corner stone for you to achieve something that you want. Discipline comes from the heart. I know that this is the reason behind why I was able to do my stylistic analysis. I have the heart and the passion in doing this. Patience is also a virtue that I have developed. Because doing a stylistic analysis is a long process. It does not stop on finding and noticing the foregrounded parts of the poem. You have to prove and say your piece of why and how that part of the poem is foregrounded. You have to go back to the lines on the poem many times. You have also to devote your time in analyzing the poem because you are basing your works on facts and not by merely looking the words on the poem. At first, I admit that I will be having a hard time doing it. But as I go through the process and making the first move, I found myself having fun and enjoying what am I doing. Doing a stylistic analysis is something that we should not be afraid of. In fact, it is an easy thing to do as long as you are guided with the correct steps to follow in doing the analysis. As I did the analysis of the poem, I found myself proud. Proud in the fact that, I finished my analysis with my own blood and sweat. It made me somehow feel that I am a certified sylistician even though it was only my first time to do a stylistic analysis. Upon finishing my analysis, I have reflected that stylistic analysis is like life. It is like the authors of poems. They write poems using their own perspective and style because that is what they like. Nobody is dictating them to do so. Another thing is that doing a stylistic analysis is a process. In this way, life also follows a certain process. A good example of this is that, when you want to achieve something, start from the basic step before you can go to a more difficult one, life is really a process, you cannot get want you want with just a blink of an eye. It is something that we should always work for. The stylistic analysis helped me in many ways. Not only on the virtues that I have developed, the discipline but also the academic value it taught me. It made me see the world of literature vividly. I can say that literature is really an interesting work of art. References: http://www. lancs. ac. uk/fass/projects/stylistics/sa1/example. htm http://famouspoetsandpoems. com/poets/e__e__cummings How to cite 3 Poems, Essay examples

Describe the Social, Cultural and Political Features of Classical Athens and Ancient Sparta free essay sample

Sparta then experienced a period of great wealth and power in the Greek region until, the Messinian people who had been enslaved by the Spartans revolted wanting their freedom and land back. It took Sparta twenty years to conquer the revolt and it became clear that the Spartans had to change their way of life. So, they turned themselves into a military state, establishing their military power across Greece. Unlike Sparta, Athens was not a military-based state but rather an aristocracy, led by noble families, and its from here their early problems stemmed. Athens problems were cause by the greed and power of their noble positions and they constant bickering between themselves over control of the city. On the other end of the spectrum, the poor faced many problems and hardships as the nobles forced them into slavery and into debt, taking their land. Religion was a cultural aspect that all Greeks had in common. They worshipped the same family of Gods and Goddesses and built temples, carried out sacrifices and celebrated festivals in the Gods name. In return, the Greeks believed that the Gods would protect them, make their crops grow and grant them favours. The Gods and Goddesses each had particular powers and responsibilities and each was responsible for an aspect of Greek society. The Greeks also worshipped heroes, some of who were sons of gods and goddesses. Each city-state was also under the protection of a patron deity; Spartas was Apollo God of Prophecy, Music and Healing, Athens was Athena Goddess of Wisdom. This cultural aspect of Sparta and Athens was quite alike. Mythology is Ancient Greece was an all-important aspect of Greek Religion. Greek mythology is the body of myths and etchings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their Gods and Heroes, the Nature of the World and the origins and significance of their ritual practices. Mythology consisted of figures such as; Hercules, Perseus, Medusa, Hydra and Kraken. Spartan and Athenian social structures were very quite different. All Spartan babies were inspected for physical health by tribal leaders; and if he or she wasnt physically healthy it was taken to a place on Mount Taygetus and left to die. From ages thirteen to eighteen, young men were very strictly trained; if they did not do as expected, their teachers flogged them. They were given one piece of clothing to training for both Summer and Winter, went barefoot, exercised naked and were given very little food. Growing into adults, Spartans were expected to take on more personal responsibility in order to exercise authority and discipline. These included; training youths by telling them about the honourable behaviour of older Spartans, and supervising their training. Education within Sparta wasnt seen as a high priority they just continued to train. Marriage in Sparta was expected after the age of twenty and men were punished if they remained bachelors. Although Spartan men didnt have much of a social life however they did enjoy numerous leisure activities including: music, dancing, festivals and hunting. In Athens, unlike Sparta, it was believed that males should have a balanced education; early education concentrated on writing, grammar, reciting poetry and music. At fourteen, they were trained physically at gymnastics, wrestling, running, jumping, discus, javelin and boxing variations. Gradually as they grew up they were also expected to learn basic military skills. The sons of wealthy learnt to ride and were often taken to listen to teachers and sophists, who gave them instructions in culture, politics and argument. In opposition to the Spartans, Athenians lived very social lives. They spent there days in the agora; to meet family and friends, wander around to see foreign foods or go to the boarder to gossip. Other actives include; exercise in the palestra, relaxing in public baths, festivals and parties. Gambling and drinking however, were the chief activities in the night such as cock fighting and games of dice. Socially, Sparta and Athens had many things in common however, they also came into conflict about many aspects of social life. Citizenship in Athens and Sparta had their similarities however, were in-fact quite different. Citizenship in Sparta was generally only for males but not all men living in the city state could be citizens. In order to be accepted as a full Spartan citizen one had to; show that both parents were descended from the original Dorians, completed all six stages of the agoge, which was the Spartan military and educational system and be a member of the syssitia a military club. Spartan citizens were called homoioi meaning peers or equal and were full-time soldiers, forbidden to do any other work. Total loyalty was expected to the state and authority. Other requirements included: being physical fit and prepared for war, they were expected to attend the assembly to vote on issues and any man would much rather prefer death that defeat in war. In Athens, to prove citizen eligibility, an Athenian man had to show he was born in Athens, both parents were born in Athens, were of a citizen class and were both legitimately married. Athenian citizens were expected to be interested and involved in everything about their city-state and to be well-informed politically. Another key duty, was to attend the peoples assembly to take part in debates and vote on issues. Women played a major role in the functioning of both Athens and Sparta. Athenian women were expected to run their husbands household effectively and successfully. However, it was a heavy responsibility for a teenager, as most Athenian girls were married at the age of fourteen or fifteen. Although they were trained to cope well, they spent most of their childhood being educated by their mothers learning house-hold tasks, how to be a good house-hold manager and to care for children. Women didnt necessarily have rights politically and socially and were not allowed to mix with men. Instead, they lived fairly secluded live in the gynaikon the womens quarters of the house. All women also had a guardian who had complete control over them. Unlike Athenian women, Spartan womens duty was to produce strong and healthy children and they werent required to do house-hold chores. Like Athenian women, they didnt have many political rights and were not allowed to vote, however, they were more socially active than Athenians, they could mix with men and spent much of there time outside. Like all Spartans, they trained in gymnastics, running, wrestling , discus and javelin. But, it was there beauty that made them admirable, they were not allowed to wear cosmetics, jewellery, perfume and expensive clothes as they were admired for there natural beauty and physique. Playing important roles in Spartan and Athenian society were the: periocci, helots, slaves and metics. Periocci and Helots were endemic to Sparta and played a major role in society. Periocci were free land dwellers, some of which were land owners and were most often; traders, craftsmen, sailors and fisherman. They engaged in trade and industry and their chief contribution to Sparta was economic. Although they didnt quite have the rights of citizens they owed there allegiance to Sparta and were expected to serve as a hoplite in the military however, wasnt involved in the Spartan training program. Helots were also endemic to Sparta, were near the bottom of the social hierarchy and were possessions of Sparta. They were the original inhabitants of Laconia and Messenia who were lands conquered by the Spartans. Their main role was agricultural, providing food for Spartans. They had no political rights and while they could live on the land with their family they werent allowed to move without government permission. The helots were a constant threat to security and always under suspicion and were threated very harshly. At times, helots were killed by the krypteia a secret police, to keep control. Making comparisons were the Athenian slaves and metics, slaves worked most commonly for rich men who owned them, they did common house-hold tasks. Most slaves were not Greek some of which were prisoners of war. There was a special group of slaves that were owned by the state known as Scythian Archers, who kept control of citizens at assemblies. Metics like periocci worked as traders, craftsmen, shopkeepers and bankers, and also had no political rights and couldnt own land or a house. Government in Sparta and Athens were of complete conflict. Sparta was an oligarchy which was a system or government were the rule was by the few while on the other-hand, Athens was a democracy a system of government were the rule was by the people. Sparta was ruled by two kings whose main duties were military and religiously based. They were supreme commanders of the army and held office as long as the Gods were pleased. However, the gerousia obtained the most power also limiting the kings power. It was a council of thirty men, including the two kings, and functioned, offering advice on political decisions, preparing bills to be presented and act as a court of justice in cases of treason. Another ruling power was the ephors who were five men selected each year who supervised the training and discipline as well as administering civil justice and issuing orders to mobilise armies. The paella was the assembly of Spartiates who voted on legislation, by simply clapping or saying yes or no. Over in Athens, the rule is different, its democratic, meaning the rule was by the people. There was three groups which contributed to Athenian government: The Assembly or Ecclessie; the The Council or Boule; and the Generals or Strategoi. The government featured all adult, male citizens who had the right to vote and propose legislation, they were also all allowed to stand for office. People were allowed to hold office for one year which limited their potential to develop too much power. The Ecclessie was the sovereign body of Athenian government and determined the way the vote went by a show of hands, The Boule, was a council of 500 men, consisting of fifty councillors from each tribe, they dealt with day-to-day business of Athens and proposed law for the Esslessie. They were elected by lot, annually and could hold office twice in an entire lifetime however, the member must be over thirty years of age. The Generals or Strategoi, is a group of ten generals who were elected annually by the assembly. They were in control of the Athenian navy, army and calvary and could be fined if they didnt carry out their duties. In this aspect of political society Athens and Sparta differed greatly. Classical Athens and Ancient Spartan warfare, were allies and also shared many common aspects. The most common of these was the hoplite phalanx, a hoplite was a Greek soldier who formed the phalanx, which was the formation used in Spartan and Athenian tactics. Hoplites were organised in the phalanx, row beyond row of men arranged with a wall of shields between each. The Strategos led the charge from the most vulnerable decision. The first four rows advanced with spears horizontal and behind their spears vertical. The large shield the hoplites carried provided a wall that became crucial to the phalanxs effectiveness. As the lines neared the phalanx broke into a run, the challenge was to keep cohesive while gaining enough speed for the initial contact. When they did meet, the forward ranks did the hacking and spearing they could while the rear kept up the pressure. Hoplite soldiers armoury was called the panoply, consisting of a shield, helmet, breastplate, greaves, sword, spear and tunic. Aspects that differed from each other, was the Athenian Navy, although the Spartans has a naval fleet the Athenian were the dominators of sea battle, The Athenian navy was comprised around the Trireme, which was the basis of Athenian power, wealth and Empire it was a manoeuvrable, quick rowing boat used to ran the opposing ships causing their hull to break and eventually sink. However, the Spartan Army was undoubtably the greatest military power in Greece, All Spartan citizens between the ages of eighteen and sixty were full time soldiers. Units of periodic and helots accompanied the Spartans to war and commander in chief of the army were the two Spartan Kings. Although hoplites were armed in the same way as other Greeks there were rituals and features to recognise then as Spartans; When Spartans were in sight of battle, they polished their weapons and groomed their hair, they placed garlands on their heads and the king would sacrifice a female goat, then take an omen from the Gods, although he would only send his men into battle if the omen was favourable. The Spartan and Athenian Armies had similar however different codes of honour when it came to war. The Athenians believed combat should be bloody, horrible and decisive. While Spartans believed they should never retreat in battle, stand firm no matter the odds and defeat the enemy or die. In conclusion, the powerhouses of Ancient Greece: Athens and Spartans shared many aspects of their society while they also differed from each other in their particular forms, in all aspects of social, cultural and political life.

Smooth House Productions and the Positive Aspects of Life free essay sample

Scripted to be Real: I am more than what is Perceived Overview of the Problem In a day and age where sex, money, and drugs have been perceived as an African Americans reality, It Is difficult for them to tell their own story. Because of this absence, young African Americans believe their opportunities and capabilities are limited and thus do nothing to prove otherwise. Hence, the goal of Smooth House Productions is to be an inspiration.Our belief is that through the development of Smooth House Productions, we offer a positive outlook to the younger generation to kook beyond what is perceived and create their own meaning. By building upon this company, we offer not only a chance to create their own identity, but also the opportunity to work toward creating a new perception. Background Information Established in September 2011 in Baltimore, MD by Morgan State University Mass Communication major Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Smooth House Productions and the Positive Aspects of Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .Christian Smooth, Smooth House Production is an independent private production company dedicated to creating Innovative and leading-edge entertainment, predominantly targeting African Americans between the ages of 18 and 25. The Idea was discovered after this young entrepreneur had a vision to portray African American everyday urban life from an eye of one to the eyes of many. He felt that too often were people trying to identify what it meant to be African American, and too often did African Americans not take the time to identify themselves.With this vision and urge for change, in November 2011, Mr.. Smooth partnered with his Communication colleagues Angel Amour and Nicholas Bush. Cohesively they constructed their premiere production The Student Body, alerting other companies that a new production was ready for the challenges they had to endure to become a part of the major conglomerates in the entertainment industry. The Student Body focuses on the lives of students at a fictional historically black college, Anagram University in Baltimore, MD. The Student Body is an American television show/original series that displays modern, fresh perspectives, while shedding new light on the challenges that black students face from the time they apply to college through their lives on campus. The new generations of black college students differ in attitudes, backgrounds from earlier generations, and demonstrate he importance of understanding the diversity of Black culture. By working closely with each student to create a distinctive story, Smooth House Productions successfully transforms the message from page to screen.Despite the difficulty in competing against major production companies, Smooth House Productions strives to As an inventive production company, Smooth House Productions transforms the typical reality television show project into a first-hand, informative, memorable, realistic and entertaining experience. Mission/ Objectives * To create a positive African American perception in cultivating media. * To offer entertainment that caters to different platforms of media including television, film, and primarily Internet based shows. To provide full film and other services utilizing a team of talented students. * To provide an alternate vision of the life of African Americans besides the negativity portrayed. Executive Staff * Christian Smooth: Founder of Smooth House Productions * Angel Amour: Producer * Nicholas Bush: Director * Alicia Argument: Assistant Director * David Warfield: Advisor * Keith Malinger: Advisor Fact Sheet on Smooth House Productions: * Established in September 2011 by Christian Smooth in Baltimore, MD at Morgan State University * The Student Body was the first production created by Smooth House Productions. The company vision is to creating innovative and leading-edge entertainment predominantly targeting African Americans between the ages of 18 and 25. * The purpose of this company is to raise awareness that African American have to proclaim their own identity and prove that it is more to their life than Just negativity. * Because it is a student reality television production, Smooth House Productions urges students to contribute whatever talents they may withhold t o make this reduction a great success. In return, students can receive additional skills in any aspect of the communication field and internship credit.Fact Sheet on The Student Body: * The script for The Student was written Fall 2012. * The company strives to use real stories of students to create the script so that it successfully fits the role of what it means and takes to be a reality show. * Inspired by the old NBC television show A Different World. * Scheduled to release Spring 2013; set to premiere on Youth. Smooth House Productions was founded by Christian Smooth in response to the active perception people of society continuously created of African Americans.This company was originally a way to enlighten young African Americans that there are limitless opportunities they are capable of achieving despite where they come from and what they have endured in their past. With its motto Scripted to be real: I am more than what is Perceived, Smooth House Productions strives to reach out as an inspiration to those young African Americans involved and/or surrounded by sex, money, and drugs, offering alternatives to those who seek change, support, and hope.Christian Smooth, with the assistance of Angel Amour and Nic holas Bush and other executive staff members, organized this television production The Student Body to expose the public to the reality of what has been seen and what has been perceived. This company also encourages young people to step out and make the public aware that African Americans are capable of achieving an education and employment, despite what other negativity they have been exposed to. To demonstrate the more positive aspects of life, Smooth House Productions places The Student Body in Anagram University, a fictional university located in Baltimore, MD.To create a more realistic scene, Smooth House Productions sustains the actual life of a university: the mascot featured as The Fighting Moors, an academic staff over 400, administrative staff over 1 ,OHO, 6,400 students calculated as the undergraduate student body and 1,027 as the postgraduate student body. By creating an actual setting with real life scenarios, it is nearly impossible to call this reality television show anything else besides truthful. In successfully doing so, Smooth House Productions makes the primitive mark in allowing African Americans to identify themselves and tell their own story.

Industrial Training Report Essay Example

Industrial Training Report Essay Example Industrial Training Report Paper Industrial Training Report Paper This project needs to apply the skills of schematic design, PC layout and fabrication, C programming and hardware/software trouble shooting. Cooperation is detrimental in the whole project. Application The Wife detector detects the surrounding Wife access points and report the signal SAID and strength to the host PC periodically. The PC host reports a motion when all the Wife signal strengths are changed. Key features The user can select between motion detection mode and station mode. Under station mode the Wife detector will detect the surrounding access points once and report to the PC host. Under the detection mode the Wife detector will do this periodically. The PC host will display the received information in the GIG-Jell. If there is a change of position of the Wife detector, the PC host will generate a warning message. Block Diagram The block diagram is shown below what basic components of Wi-If Detector is included.

Alex Bell Essays - C. S. Lewis, British Films, Knights Bachelor

Alex Bell Huma 3303 November 21 , 2015 History of shadowlands William Nicholson was born in 1948 and is the original master mind behind the story of shadow lands. The film that we have today actually started off out as a play for television and a live stage show. It would be called the best play in 1990 and also won him a Tony Award. In 1994 Nicholson worked with Richard Attenborough in order to turn his stage play into a full film. The film itself was shot mostly in England in places such as Christ Church Meadow, Oxford, and Oxford shire. The real life story is supposed to show the coming together of Joy Gresham and C.S Lewis but like many retold stories some of the actual facts were skewed a bit for example in real life Joy Gresham had two sons but in the film she is only shown to have one. Personal Critique Cast: Anthony Hopkins, Debra Winger, Julian Fellowes , Joseph Mazzello Director: Richard Attenborough Synopsis: Poet Joy Gresham travels to England with her son, who is a big C.S Lewis fan, in order to meet C.S Lewis himself. When they meet they realize that they are polar opposites but manage to start a glowing friendship. She divorces her husband that is in America and ask C.S Lewis, also known as Jack if he would agree to marry her in order for her to stay in England. After agreeing to marry her strictly so she may remain in the country, she becomes very ill and he discover that despite them not knowing each other very well he really loves her and wants to be with her. Unfortunately their love will be short lived. Lord Richard Attenborough's film brings together a great cast of actors that all are able to show off their acting abilities in this journey of love that brings together two unlikely people together. Sir Anthony Hopkins is a generational actor that adds on to his impressive acting resume with the portrayal of C.S Lewis. He has a natural and smooth voice that seems to help draw in the audience into wanting to listen to every word that he says. With this particular character he was able to combine both the intellectual brilliance and emotion that was required to really bring the story together. Debra Winger is the second star that the story circles around and her character in the Shadowlands appears to be tailor made for her. The Cleveland, Ohio native portrays the fiery Joy Gresham who refuses to take any lip from anyone regarding her life. Much like Hopkins her ability to be able to be both emotional and hardnosed added to the ch aracters appeal to the viewers. Shadow Lands which is based on the play by William Nicholso n is a great story that puts the brilliant acting styles together in a film to show that true love does not have to come from the typical channel that relationships are formed. Professional Critiques 1. Shadowlands' (PG) By Desson Howe Washington Post Staff Writer January 07, 1994 "Shadowlands" isn't just a three-hankie tearjerker. You'll need bulk linen to stay dry through this romance between Anthony Hopkins and Debra Winger. Yet this dramatized account of the C. S. Lewis-Joy Gresham af fair is more than manipulative. An engaging encounter between adults, it's also about lost childhoods, questions of God, intellect versus emotion, pain versus pleasure and other far-reaching themes. Perhaps most significantly, "Shadowlands" is illuminated from beginning to end by Hopkins. This may be the best thing he's ever done. The basic biographical details are true. Lewis, author of "The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe," among many books, indeed met and fell in love with Gresham. But as screenwriter William Nicholson (who wrote the original BBC teleplay and Broadway stage play before this) emphasizes in press notes for the movie: "I have used parts of their story, not used othe r parts and imagined the rest." If those imaginings are all-too-neatly contrived, they're at least arranged along the classier lines of "84 Charing Cross Road" (another Brit-Yank encounter starring Hopkins), David Lean's "Brief Encounter" and "Turtle Diary," to name a few. On

Should Advertising to Children be Restricted in Any Way Assignment

Should Advertising to Children be Restricted in Any Way - Assignment Example Young children, having a limited capacity to reason, often do not know the best for themselves for which they rely on parents for protection and guidance. More and more advertisements try to attract children to unhealthy habits that give rise to childhood obesity, malnourishment, and sedentary lifestyles. Further, advertising to children also has psychological implications. Psychologists studying the minds of children point out a visible change in the thinking of children as a result of consuming huge amounts of televisions ads. Advertising has caused children to be more materialistic thereby replacing their intrinsic interest towards things they actually like. Hence, the downsides of advertising targeted towards children are visible in children’s unhealthy habits and changes in their attitudes. Given the scope of the issue, efforts can be made on a community level in order to advocate against advertising targeted towards children. In this regard, a coalition with the community and organizations with similar interests can be formed to add more substance to our voice against advertising to children. An alliance can be formed with ‘Action for Healthy Kids’ which is a collective focused towards healthy eating and other health issues faced by children, many of which including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and undernourishment, are products of unhealthy habits promoted by advertising. ‘Action for Healthy Kids’ operates in every state of the United States including New Jersey which will help find local support for the cause and that which is able to translate into a larger impact. Additionally, a coalition with the New Jersey government’s Division for Consumer Affairs could be built because the division has been involved with similar efforts that s eek to protect consumers related to healthcare issues.

Environmental Science in DomesHc Dwellings Report Coursework

Environmental Science in DomesHc Dwellings Report - Coursework Example The information includes the possible options of accessing the house from various directions and the options of transport. The space in the house and the number of rooms will be a critical factor in determining the occupancy of the house in terms of the number of occupants. This is essential because in addition to the wall dimensions of the walls and the space in the house provides direct how the occupants will use every space as well as their reactions to the issues arising in the usage of the space. Apart from the basic information about the house, it will be necessary to examine the suitability of the wall, the floor and the roof structures. From these we obtain the u-value of the house and the suitability of the construction materials used for the house. In the same part 1, there will be an analysis involving the calculation of the upper limit and the lower limit from which it will be possible to do calculations of the coefficient of heat loss. From the wall construction and open air ventilation, the project will calculate the heat loss through ventilation. 2. House Description The project involves Linley and Simpson house located along the 12 Station Road in Horsforth in West Yorkshire, UK. Aerial View from Google map Latitude: 52.70 Longitude: 1.217 Wind angle to facade (Summer Season): 100 Wind angle to facade (Winter Season): 150 Front View Back View 3. Required Adjustment The second step of this project involves the study of the meteorological data in relation to the house structure in order to make adjustments out of the reaction of the occupants. The adjustment will depend on the necessary resistance required for the management of wind velocity. Adjustment in this case includes the wall dimensions, space between walls and the orientation of the house in relation to the direction of wind. From the adjustments and the calculation of heat loss coefficient for the house ventilation, the project will require maintaining proper quality of air good air qual ity by making changes. Other than energy losses, we will look at the sources of heat gain. Externally solar gain and internally from the daily electrics and metabolic we usually use. As we group out the values from heat loss and gain, we can estimate the extra energy needed to heat the house to the optimum internal temperature. Furthermore, to calculate energy use we need to identify our balance point- the external temperature above which a building needs no further heating to achieve a constant internal comfort temperature. By then we can calculate degree-days and hence estimate the amount of time needed to heat our houses over a period of time. After that, we calculate the carbon emissions of the building and move on to the part 2 of our project. In part 2, I will work out two methods to improve the energy loss and gain from the building. By using different material in order to reduce carbon emission and increase energy gain and maintain a good living standard for occupants 4. Ana lysis of the House Structure Linley and Simpson House is a simple brick house with between 25% - 30% glazing. Due to its location, it receives sufficient sunlight from 9 am in the morning to 4pm in the evening. Both the front view of the building and the back has an opening. The privacy of the building is ensured using curtains, and this is a limiting factor to the exposure of the house interior to

Urban Planning for Administration Essay Example for Free

Urban Planning for Administration Essay Urban planning is the incorporation of the regulation of land utilizes planning and transportation planning to discover extremely broad variety of features of the constructed and communal surroundings of developed municipalities and neighborhood. It is the influential equipment used for minimizing the largely force of settlements on the local and regional surroundings and for advancing circumstances within the settlement. This can also be defined as the arrangement of all fundamentals of a town or other city surroundings. In most cases, the process makes use of science and art disciple whereby they have to come up with the actual plan to be implemented on the ground. For a given city to be identified as planned wisely and efficiently for its use, it has to follow the planning process stipulated for the city. This is because; every city has its own process to which it tends to guide them on achieving the best environment for their citizens. In order to the objective more efficiently, the member participating in the decision making has to be familiar with the different type of features that has to be observed during urban planning. Aspects of planning These are normally the characteristics of a given city or town that the administration has to observe while carrying out their urban planning process. Urban aesthetic In any city around, the beauty value of the country has to be observed while carrying out their planning process. This permits the planners to be able to manage the growth of the city in future and enhancing its safety to the users as well. Safety This is the ability for the city to be protected from any of the external forces that might cause havoc to the users of the city. For this to be attained, the planners has to observe the height of the building in the city, the direction to which they are face as regard to the weather in the region, the type of the material to be used as well as the design to be used in the city Bonine Brass 1994, p 217). It has been noticed that, some of the disasters that do occur in the world are to the result of the assumption of this aspect from the planners. Reconstruction and renewal This is the most significant aspect that a city has to observe before and during their planning process in the city. In this, they will be able to allow room for the expansion of the city in future with no congestion of the building and squeezed roads. Transport Transport is the movement from one location to the other, thus, the planners has to ensure that the transport arrangement in the city is of high standard to avoid traffic. It has to be able to accommodate the people in the city with no obstruction. To achieve this, they have to ensure that they balance well with the density of people and vehicles in the city. For more efficient transport planning, the planners have to make good use of transportation oriented improvement. This tries to position greatest concreteness of employments or inhabitants next to high-volume moving. In order to attain the density of the city, one uses the floor area ration system in that when the ratio is under 1. 5, the city is known to be of low density and that of 5 is known to be of high density. Environmental factors Ecological fortification and maintenance are very important in any urban planning being carried out in the world. This assists the planners to be able to conserve the ecology and the nature of the city as much as they have to plan the city (Ibrahim 2004). When one observes these factors more diligently and with concern, they are usually able to get better result when it comes in term of the aesthetic value of the city through the use of the natural resource around them. Having looked at aspects to be considered generally by any of urban planners in the world, the paper will now concentrate on the process followed in the urban planning focusing Cairo city in Egypt. In this, the paper will be more specific some of issues such as the people responsible for the judgment creation during the planning process, the position of the final decision, the impact that these decision have on the communities that are usually excluded from the planning process, the level and ratios of power among the communities in the city, the relationship that exists between the decision makers and the affected group of individual in the city and lastly it will look at how these planning decision affect the community at large. Planning process These are the general steps used as guidelines or the fundamentals, techniques and apparatus to be used by any planner in any local authority. This gives the schemer the ability to attain a strength and sustainable city planning in the region. None the less, one has to remember that, each city or has its own way of planning their urban area. Basically, there are 21 steps that many of the planners tend to use but this has been comprised into 6six steps that will be discussed in the paper. As this is discussed, one has to remember that each of the steps being discussed needs contribution and participation of different individual that may indicate their administration planning scheme and political background. Before starting off their steps in planning process, the participants involved in the process has to concur on some of the key fundamentals such as the equity to be observed during the process, the incorporated approach, corporation and associations, the responsibility of each of the member, the encouragement of heath in the city and the compassionate to the environment together with many more elements that the group may find it of help to be observed. Creating of partnership This is the first step that any city to be planned has to observe, at this stage, the city identifies the people that will be involved in the planning process together with the responsibilities of each of the member of the group. It is at this stage that the corporation and tactical alliances are made possible by an institution so as to ensure that the benefits of the group of people at large are justified in the process. None the less, it is at this step that the member in the planning establishes the way in which they would be able to communicate to the community for their participation in the process. Basically, the key concept of this step is to come up with the objectives that the group aims to achieve at the end of urban planning and create their scope of work that they will take part in it. Understanding the city to be planned At this stage, the participants tend to evaluate the subject to be addressed during the process, in this they have to come up with the general overview of the city in term of the population, the surrounding of the area and the health status of the city. They have to establish the employment unemployment ratio in the city as this will help them in getting the clear view of the usage and density in the city. Focusing to the Objectives The participants have to be able to analyze their advantages together with disadvantages that they might experience during the process. They have to involve the community so that they can be offered with the chance to present their views on what they think have to be done to accomplish the task at hand. With this, they will be able to get different ideas from different people that will assist them in establishing the future plan of the city. Strategic planning Having attained the goals together with their strengths and weaknesses, they will have to set the limit of work to be achieved at a given period of time. In this, they will have to come up with proper programme to be used during the process. Implementation This is the crucial stage in this process as it involves the actual work planned for. It is mainly concerned with establishment of valuable constitution and planning relations that will help them in achieving their goal after the set period of time. Other than that, the stage is also concerned with creation of internal auditing committee that will be responsible with the financial matters of the city planning together with creation of the method that they will put in use so as to aid them in the observing the progress of the task on the ground. Attaining Reaction This is the final stage within the process whereby the participants have to come up with the way in which they will be able to trap the reactions of the community as regard to the implementation of their decisions. At the same time, they will have to create or establish the strategy that they will use in the evaluation of their level of performance as well as the progress of the process. Having looked at the basic process of urban planning, the paper will now concentrate on the key issues to be addressed as regard to the people involved in the planning in Cairo city in Egypt. People Involved in the Decision Making for the Planning Process During the planning process in Cairo, the decisions normally come from two basic participants. These are the four of the ministries in the city and the public agencies that are involved with the planning procedures to be implemented. Basing on the ministries involved, the Office of housing those are usually responsible for the construction developments needed for the improvement of the national financial status in the city (Ismail, 2006, pp 4-6). In this, they concentrate on the public structures, infrastructures projects and housing within different level of financial status in the environment. Office of security is concerned with the boundary around the city and how they can be able to maintain the security within the city. Office of Awqaf has all the authority over the owner of land within the city as well as the developers in the city. Office of tourism helps the member in the planning process to plan for the tourism in the city. In this they tend to give views on the ways in which the aesthetic value of the city may be maintained so as to invite in more tourists in the city to improve its financial status. The public organizations are usually involved with the safeguarding of the historical spots in the city. Some of these organizations include the Awaqf power, administrator and the board for fortification of historical spots and structures. Final Authority in Decision Making Basing on the decision made by the participants, they usually depend on the final decision from the central government in the country. They have been granted with the powers to alter the decision made by the local units in the city as regard to the urban planning if they think the decision may hamper with the policy in the country. Impact of the Decision to the Community Excluded from the Planning Process Over the years, it has been noted that, some of the communities in the city face some challenges in their stay at the place. This has been as result to the assumption to the views they offer to the decision makers for planning process of the city. Due to this, they have been noted to face some of the security problem and poor environment to their surrounding. They have found themselves staying in some of the slum areas in the city because they can not access the good environment in the city. Level of Power for the Communities Basing to the fact that it’s an Arab country, the city is highly populated with the Muslims with low rate of Christians. To this idea, it has been known that the views of the Muslims are considered more as those from the Christian community in the city (Jakarta, 2006). As regard to this, the Islamic communities are seen to have more power and authority to the decision making to the Cairo planning process. How the Planning Decision Affect the Community Basing on the decision made on the Cairo urban planning, it has resulted in division of the city into two major parts in term of the religions in the city. It has been noted that, the Islamic community have been allocated with greater piece of land where as the Christians in the society have been offered with the further region from the main city for their stay in the city. Conclusion In conclusion, we can then say that, the urban planning process followed in Cairo city is almost same as that discussed above in the paper. In this we then say that for better and effective planning of any city; one has to observe the aspects of planning as well as the fundamentals for the process during their planning. Reference Bonine M E Brass D (1994) The Middle Eastern City Islamic Urbanism Geographische Abhandlungen Dummlerbuch Vol 91University Of Michigan Ferd Dummlers Verlag p 217 Ibrahim A M (2004) Center of Planning Architecture Studies Retrieved 21st March 2009 from http://www.cpas-egypt. com/ENG/chairman_eng. htm Ismail S (2006) Political Life in Cairos New Quarters Encountering the Everyday State U of Minnesota Press pp 4-6 Jakarta M H (2006) Cairo Urban Planning Model Retrieved 21st March 2009 from file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/admin/Desktop/cairo. htm United Nations Centre for Human Settlements Nations United Centre of Contributor United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (1993) Metropolitan Planning Management in Developing World Spatial Decentralization Policy in Bombay Cairo UN-HABITAT Publisher pp 118-142

Depression and Antidepressants Essay -- Chemistry Depression Papers

Depression and Antidepressants Specifically the serotonergic hypothesis and the action of Prozac The cause of Clinical depression has long been a mystery to physicians and researchers. Many different theories have been proposed, but no conclusive evidence has been put forth. However, most of what we know about depression stems from the results of certain drugs which have been successful in treating the clinically depressed. These anti--depressants have led to the assumption that depression is most likely due to a chemical imbalance (of neurotransmitters) which somehow leads to the symptoms of depression. To try and write a paper on all the theories of depression would be endless, as would be a study on all the different types of anti-depressants. Therefore I have tried to focus my paper on the serotonin hypothesis for depression, and more specifically how the serotonergic anti-depressants have backed up this theory. Of course, Any paper on serotonin-based anti-depressants must include the popular Prozac. Because of the excitement And controversy surrounding Prozac, I decided to channel most of my paper into the action of this so-called "wonder drug". Fluoxetine is a second-generation anti-depressant which was developed and marketed as PROZAC by the drug company Eli Lilly. This drug is increasingly being prescribed by physicians as the primary anti-depressant when a patient requires pharmacotherapy. This is mainly due to fluexotine’s reduced side affects as compared with the older tricyclic anti-depressants. Fluoxetine is known to act as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in brain synapses where serotonin is the neurotransmitter. However, an exact mechanism has not born elucidated. Information about serotonin synaps... ..., June 1992, 89(6):445-446. (cited as 9) Hyman, S. E. & Nestler, E. J. The Molecular Foundations of Psychiatry. Washington Amer. Psych., 1993. (cited as 7 & 8) Nathan, R. S., Perel, J. H., Pollock, B. G. & Kupfer, D. J. The role of neuropharmacologic selectivity in antidepressant action. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Sept. 1990, 51(9): 367-372. Price, L. O., Charney, D. S., Goodman, W. K., Krystal, J. H., Woods, A. N. & Heninger, G. R. Clinical data on the role of serotonin in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Journal Clinical Psychiatry, April 1990, 51: 44-50. (cited as 5) Richelson, E. Antidepressant and brain neurochemistry. Mayo Clinic Proc., Sept. 1990, 65(9): 227-236. Somni, R. W., Crismon, M. L. & Bowden, C. L. Fluoxetine: a serotonin-specific, second-generation antidepressant, Pharmacotherapy, Jan.-Feb. 1987, 7(1): 1-15. Depression and Antidepressants Essay -- Chemistry Depression Papers Depression and Antidepressants Specifically the serotonergic hypothesis and the action of Prozac The cause of Clinical depression has long been a mystery to physicians and researchers. Many different theories have been proposed, but no conclusive evidence has been put forth. However, most of what we know about depression stems from the results of certain drugs which have been successful in treating the clinically depressed. These anti--depressants have led to the assumption that depression is most likely due to a chemical imbalance (of neurotransmitters) which somehow leads to the symptoms of depression. To try and write a paper on all the theories of depression would be endless, as would be a study on all the different types of anti-depressants. Therefore I have tried to focus my paper on the serotonin hypothesis for depression, and more specifically how the serotonergic anti-depressants have backed up this theory. Of course, Any paper on serotonin-based anti-depressants must include the popular Prozac. Because of the excitement And controversy surrounding Prozac, I decided to channel most of my paper into the action of this so-called "wonder drug". Fluoxetine is a second-generation anti-depressant which was developed and marketed as PROZAC by the drug company Eli Lilly. This drug is increasingly being prescribed by physicians as the primary anti-depressant when a patient requires pharmacotherapy. This is mainly due to fluexotine’s reduced side affects as compared with the older tricyclic anti-depressants. Fluoxetine is known to act as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in brain synapses where serotonin is the neurotransmitter. However, an exact mechanism has not born elucidated. Information about serotonin synaps... ..., June 1992, 89(6):445-446. (cited as 9) Hyman, S. E. & Nestler, E. J. The Molecular Foundations of Psychiatry. Washington Amer. Psych., 1993. (cited as 7 & 8) Nathan, R. S., Perel, J. H., Pollock, B. G. & Kupfer, D. J. The role of neuropharmacologic selectivity in antidepressant action. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Sept. 1990, 51(9): 367-372. Price, L. O., Charney, D. S., Goodman, W. K., Krystal, J. H., Woods, A. N. & Heninger, G. R. Clinical data on the role of serotonin in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Journal Clinical Psychiatry, April 1990, 51: 44-50. (cited as 5) Richelson, E. Antidepressant and brain neurochemistry. Mayo Clinic Proc., Sept. 1990, 65(9): 227-236. Somni, R. W., Crismon, M. L. & Bowden, C. L. Fluoxetine: a serotonin-specific, second-generation antidepressant, Pharmacotherapy, Jan.-Feb. 1987, 7(1): 1-15.

Michael J. Fox and the Socioeconomic

Canadian-born television and film actor, Michael J. Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease at the age of thirty.   In his memoir, Lucky Man, Fox reveals how he has been spiritedly struggling with the disease, by also trying to help other patients suffering from the illness with no cure.   As a matter of fact, the man has been trying very hard to convince the government as well as medical researchers to find a cure for Parkinson’s Disease.   Fox has been an advocate for stem cells research to boot, and believes that a cure to Parkinson’s Disease could be found within ten years’ time, provided that we now begin to put our finances to good use, that is, to find a cure for the disease through research. Fox continued his acting career for nine years after he had been diagnosed with Parkinson’s.   What is more, the man continues to be a public figure with his advocacy for medical research to find a cure for Parkinson’s Disease.   Countless people suffering from Parkinson’s Disease choose â€Å"the closet† over public appearance for the fear that they might lose their balance before the public eye.   This is not the case with Fox, as mentioned before.   On the contrary, Fox has been able to bravely fight his disease with all the public support he has already gathered.   Moreover, the man has the money to push for medical research in the area.   He also has the funds to manage his health care better than do those sufferers who come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.   Fox explains it thus: I'd been given a lot to think about, not least the fact that I wasn't the only one who had done   my time in the closet.   And the more I thought about it, the more it struck me just how plush,  well-appointed, and secure my own closet had been.   My career, my position in the world, and  my financial situation gave me advantages in confronting the disease that most of my fellow  P.D.ers could only dream about.   And now, having publicly identified myself as a person  living with Parkinson's disease, there was little to keep me from playing an active role. Indeed, I was ideally positioned to step into the void left by all those patients who had so  much more to lose by going public.   I had a lot to be grateful for, and now found myself with a  unique opportunity to give something back (Out of the Closet; Into the Classroom). There were various entities interested in exploiting Fox’s â€Å"position in the world† with respect to his disease.   While people that do not enjoy the privileges that Fox enjoyed in his â€Å"financial situation† while suffering from Parkinson’s Disease, remained closeted, Fox was approached by a variety of people that wanted to use his interest in medical research to actually find a cure for the dreadful disease.   After all, Fox was also contributing toward helping people with the disease with his own finances.   Thus, he mentions continued public support in his life with Parkinson’s Disease: By the end of 1998, my desk was covered with correspondence bearing the letterhead of various Parkinson's organizations across the country.   All of them wanted my help in one way or another.   The names of some of these groups implied a national reach, but on closer inspection they turned out to be local organizations affiliated with universities or hospitals or even individual researchers.   Some were not set up to address research at all; instead, they were dedicating their time and resources to more basic patient concerns, caregiver support groups, quality-of-life issues, and other worthwhile considerations (Out of the Closet; Into the Classroom). Fox is, indeed, a lucky man, who has been dealing with Parkinson’s Disease much better than do those who have not the kind of â€Å"financial status† and â€Å"position in the world† as his.   In point of fact, it has been well documented that people from around the world who are wealthier and better educated do experience better health than those with lower socioeconomic backgrounds who have both less wealth and less education.   Smoking, poor nutrition, as well as physical inactivity are more prevalent in groups that are low in socioeconomic status. Additionally, low socioeconomic groups have little or no access to preventive health care, for example, regular health checkups and screening programs.   These medical services are easily accessed by people from higher socioeconomic backgrounds alone.   What is more, financial barriers to health care are more likely to perpetuate the existing disparities in health among different socioeconomic groups (Veugelers and Yip). People from low socioeconomic backgrounds are unable to afford pricey heath services that may save their lives.   Neither can they afford expensive health insurance that would cover the kinds of health services that Fox may be using at present to fight the disease he is suffering from.   As compared to Fox’s relatively successful struggle with Parkinson’s Disease, the low socioeconomic groups have to bear a â€Å"greater burden of disease.†Ã‚   Correspondingly, people from low socioeconomic backgrounds have a â€Å"greater need for health services† (Veugelers and Yip). One research study revealed that specialist medical services are underused in the case of lower socioeconomic groups, and this widens the socioeconomic gap in health care (Veugelers and Yip).   According to another study, lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to use the Medicare managed care home health as compared to higher socioeconomic groups. Not only do people from lower socioeconomic groups need greater care, but they also rely on Medicare because they are unable to afford alternative options.   In fact, evidence suggests that 15.5 percent of Medicare plan enrollees living below the poverty line use home health during a year, as compared to only 11.2 percent of people who live above the poverty line.   Moreover, those who belong to the lowest socioeconomic groups have almost twice the odds of persons from the highest socioeconomic groups to use the Medicare plan.   People who are relatively higher in socioeconomic status than those in the lowest socioeconomic group, have approximately 1.5 times the odds of other people having a home health visit (Freedom et al.) According to Freedman et al., people from high socioeconomic backgrounds might believe that the Medicare managed care home health is an inferior good.   In other words, people from higher socioeconomic groups are more likely to use alternative options like assisted living and the hiring of private assistance outside the benefits of Medicare (Freedman et al.). Such options are believed to give access to better home health care to the aged.   All the same, these options are only available to those who can afford them.   In the condition that he is, Fox may be assumed to be using private assistance in the home.   Although he is not aged, the man is expected to have hired someone qualified by now for his home health care.   Regardless of the truth of this assumption, the fact remains that Fox is dealing with his illness with better health which may in  part be attributable to his positive mind set.   Apparently, he is not bearing as great a burden of the disease as do the people from lower socioeconomic groups.   Fox reveals his positive mind set through the illness, in a dream he had, speaking of his farm and fresh growth: It's hard to process what I'm seeing. It can't be possible, but inside this tight, dark, airless space, a tree has been growing.   Growing isn't even the word for it, really, it's absolutely thriving.   In response to the tight quarters it's taken on the appearance of a bonsai tree.   The trunk and branches are thick, and now, with the door flung open, the tree continues to grow right before my eyes, as if in time-lapse, new branches reaching out into the airy light of the kitchen and bursting into leaf (Los Angeles, March 1995). While Fox dreams of growth and thriving, research reveals that even kids from low socioeconomic groups are doing poorly in terms of health.   As a matter of fact, low socioeconomic status is also connected with worse outcomes on health status measures such as mortality, acute and chronic conditions, in addition to self-rated measures of health. Contrary to Fox’s positive mind set in his struggle to beat Parkinson’s disease, is the negative mind set of adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds who are more likely to attempt suicide, and engage in heavy drinking.   These youngsters are also known to be more depressed and obese.   Furthermore, poor children and adolescents are given less attention at times when they are suffering from injuries that require medical attention.   They additionally face retardation in growth (Newacheck et al.). Children from poor households have little physician contact, do not have access to a regular source of primary care as well as sick care, and are less likely to have continuity between the sources of regular and sick care.   As compared to the poor, children from high socioeconomic backgrounds obtain required health care, have a regular source of health care, and are known to receive any care from the doctor that is deemed necessary.   Such children are also more likely to be seen in the doctor’s office (Newacheck et al.). It is obvious that the socioeconomic effects on health care reach all age groups at the same time.   The young and the old are similarly affected by their financial status with respect to health care.   Unfortunately, everybody does not possess the â€Å"financial status† and â€Å"position in the world† that Fox possesses.   Nevertheless, the man is working to bridge the gap between the haves and the have-nots in terms of health care.   Funding medical research on Parkinson’s Disease, Fox’s behavior is aligned with his positive mind set that envisions growth and thriving. We may expect such growth and thriving to be experienced between all corners of society only when the difference between the haves and the have-nots is eradicated.   Although this difference has always been, and may always be, it is possible to provide better health care to low socioeconomic groups.   According to Veugelers and Yip, universal health coverage, such as Medicare, may already be bridging the gap.   Even so, people such as Fox continue to have access to better health care than those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Works Cited Fox, Michael J. Lucky Man. New York, Hyperion, 2002. Freedman, Vicki A., Jeannette Rogowski, Steven L. Wickstrom, John Adams, Jonas Marainen, and Jose J. Escarce. â€Å"Socioeconomic disparities in the use of home health services in a Medicare managed care population.† Health Services Research, October 2004. Newacheck, Paul W., Yun Yi Hung, M. Jane Park, Claire D. Brindis, and Charles E. Irwin Jr. â€Å"Disparities in adolescent health and health care: does socioeconomic status matter?† Health Services Research, October 2003. Veugelers, P. J., and A. M. Yip. â€Å"Socioeconomic disparities in health care use: does universal coverage reduce inequalities in health?† Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, June 2003.   

BBB Wise Giving Alliance

Better Business Bureaus (BBB) is an organization that ‘checks’ on both businesses and charities. They offer an objective view of different businesses and charities, which they award with their seal, after passing several criteria. Such seals add confidence to consumers and donors who wants to associate with them. Currently, there are 3 million local and national establishments that are being constantly monitored and evaluated.Better Business Bureaus holds tightly on good business values. Some values that they uphold the importance includes, fairness and honesty, which should be incorporated in business ethics and for charity.They were first established in 1912. This is a program that will help donors identify legitimate and responsible charities. These charities are evaluated according to a set of standards; reports are then published to aid donors regarding the different charities. The reports are usually within three-year periods. The charity seal is optional to those that have passed the charity standards. The charity standards were developed by several institutions to ensure that the standards reflect those that the public needs.Information like charity fund allocations, organizational structure, ‘truthfulness’ of their accounts and their willingness to share other basic information about their organization. These are then analyzed to meet the standards. Review the report of at least one charity and discuss what you find. The information included in the reports are: charity contact information and description, Better Business Bureau comments, programs or activities of the charity, governance, including names of the head and their compensation, fund raising methods, financial reports including their budget allocation and tax status.These are very helpful information in identifying the best charity institutions that the donors would want to help, as well as to define transparency to their current donors. The information are just enou gh to build the confidence of donors, these should be the basic information, no more and no less. Reference BBB Wise Giving Alliance. (2003). Standards for Charity Accountability. Retrieved March 18, 2009 from http://www. bbb. org/us/Charity-Standards/

Set Theory and How It Is Used

Set Theory and How It Is Used Set theory is a fundamental concept throughout all of mathematics.  This branch of mathematics forms a foundation for other topics.   Intuitively a set is a collection of objects, which are called elements. Although this seems like a simple idea, it has some far-reaching consequences.   Elements The elements of a set can really be anything – numbers, states, cars, people or even other sets are all possibilities for elements. Just about anything that can be collected together may be used to form a set, though there are some things we need to be careful about. Equal Sets Elements of a set are either in a set or not in a set. We may describe a set by a defining property, or we may list the elements in the set. The order that they are listed is not important. So the sets {1, 2, 3} and {1, 3, 2} are equal sets, because they both contain the same elements. Two Special Sets Two sets deserve special mention. The first is the universal set, typically denoted U. This set is all of the elements that we may choose from. This set may be different from one setting to the next. For example, one universal set may be the set of real numbers whereas for another problem the universal set may be the whole numbers {0, 1, 2,...}.   The other set that requires some attention is called the empty set. The empty set is the unique set is the set with no elements. We can write this as { } and denote this set by the symbol ∅. Subsets and the Power Set A collection of some of the elements of a set A is called a subset of A. We say that A is a subset of B if and only if every element of A is also an element of B. If there are a finite number n of elements in a set, then there are a total of 2n subsets of A. This collection of all of the subsets of A is a set that is called the power set of A. Set Operations Just as we can perform operations such as addition - on two numbers to obtain a new number, set theory operations are used to form a set from two other sets. There are a number of operations, but nearly all are composed from the following three operations: Union – A union signifies a bringing together. The union of the sets A and B consists of the elements that are in either A or B.Intersection - An intersection is where two things meet. The intersection of the sets A and B consists of the elements that in both A and B.Complement - The complement of the set A consists of all of the elements in the universal set that are not elements of A. Venn Diagrams One tool that is helpful in depicting the relationship between different sets is called a Venn diagram.  A rectangle represents the universal set for our problem.  Each set is represented with a circle.  If the circles overlap with one another, then this illustrates the intersection of our two sets.   Applications of Set Theory Set theory is used throughout mathematics. It is used as a foundation for many subfields of mathematics. In the areas pertaining to statistics, it is particularly used in probability. Much of the concepts in probability are derived from the consequences of set theory. Indeed, one way to state the axioms of probability involves set theory.

Managerial Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managerial Behaviour - Essay Example We were responsible for development, design and implementation of a website for a retail company which was aimed at enabling it to receive online orders directly from its customers. The project was planned to be completed in 6 months and was led by a manager, who was already working on two other projects. However, within a short period of 2 months, there arose drastic conflicts between team members and manager had to intervene to resolve them promptly so that the project would not suffer. 1. How does the manager undertake the activity being studied? When the matter reached the manager, he developed sound knowledge of background and circumstances of the situation before arriving at any conclusions or resolutions. Soon it was revealed that the bone of contention was partially the manager himself. The complexities of matrix structuring and ambiguous project requirements made it difficult for the team members to be clear about their team roles and duties and allocation of resources. This in turn was caused by the manager’s minimal input in the project and absence from most of the team briefings. His negligence towards this specific project had caused role conflicts and low morale amongst the members. The manager diagnosed the nature of conflict and identified that the team members were blaming each other for delay in designing a phase of the website. As a result a milestone, which was to be achieved 2 weeks back, was still in progress while 3 specialists responsible for it were finding a scapegoat for this setback. With no proper delegation and allocation of tasks, there were clashes as to who was responsible to complete which process. They claimed that the resources were not sufficient and time was wasted due to unavailability of website development tools simultaneously to each of them. Manager decided to focus his attention on this project to get it back on track according to initial project plan. He allotted each member equal tasks according to their skil ls and strengths and scheduled the processes to facilitate the sharing of resources. Project had limited funds and therefore it wasn’t possible for him to arrange for more and therefore it was necessary to ensure completion within the given manpower and equipment. He drafted formal role definitions for each of the members to avoid any ambiguities and confusion regarding what was expected to be contributed by each of them. His attention was substantially needed in areas of controlling and monitoring since the project was lagging behind schedule. He mobilized the resources and ensured effective and efficient utilization of each member’s core competences and resources available, diverting resources from stronger areas and focusing them on those more in need of them. He held team meetings and conducted one-on-one sessions to address concerns of each member, educate them with project requirements and deadlines, familiarize himself with the entire team and boost their morale through empathizing skills. He also encouraged members to feel free to contact him in person and whistleblow about other members if necessary. After taking updates on progress of each task, he compared them with the planned timetables and appraised performances accordingly. Since thereafter, he gave equal attention to this project and finally completed the project successfully,

Culture Is Media and Media Is Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culture Is Media and Media Is Culture - Essay Example The dependence on the use of media has greatly increased and to a great extent dictates the behavior and ideas followed in a society, in other words dominates the behavior of the culture. Common people are in regular touch with the media and the entertainment that decide their collection of information, ideas as well as opinion that create the human knowledge reflected by his behavior. ‘Culture is media and media is culture’ seems to be pertinent in today’s cultural status of a community where media influences the formation of the cultural activities of different individuals within a community (Pope, 2002). The present study focuses on this particular statement ‘Culture is media and media is culture’ and discusses its relevance based on theory and examples. Understanding the Media Today: In the present times, the media seems to have become a significant issue as considered within a society. If the television medium is taken into account, it is found t hat be it small children, the youth of the older people, or other individuals, they tend to spend long hours in front of the television set. The new media has the ability to target the mindset of the human beings that might even impact the societal behavior of an individual negatively. For example, the televisions being the most common medium, several murders are viewed as part of news, or other television programs. Such programs tend to influence the minds of the smaller children or the youth to the extent that they might follow these acts disregarding their true cultural values. The computer has been obtained as one of the most influential medium generating knowledge and information for the present society that is completely dependent on information for its production, consumption and the economy as a whole (Straubhaar, Larose & Davenport, 2011, pp.11-15). The modern media has its presence reflected in almost every issue within a community and hence its behavior and culture. The m odern media form a creation of the mass communication that makes it possible through the internet and the large number of interactive media being available, e.g., television, radio, newspapers, hoardings, and so on. The different problems and issues related to the political and economic factors associated with a society and its inhabitants get attended by the mass media in the present times (Aikat, n.d.). The media can actually be found to be present in all aspects of today’s communication and knowledge gain purposes. Human beings tend to depend completely on the sources of media not only to communicate but also to determine their views and opinions that might alter their cultural views as well. The Impact of Media on Culture: Communication has always been the most important activity in spreading one’s views, opinions and beliefs to engage others in similar thoughts. In the present day society, communicating only with few close people may not work if a revolutionary ch ange is desired or changes in cultural aspects are required. The mass media plays its significant role in this regard. The spread of cultural views from a single point of origin to an entire community is referred as the phenomenon of diffusion. The features of culture include almost all habits that any human being follows in their normal lives. For example, the food habits, the dress that an individual wears, his/her beliefs in any particular religion, the language that he/she speaks

The Goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle Essay

The Goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle - Essay Example At present, English could well be called as a multi-ethnic, multi-national and, multi-cultural language. It is still the connecting thread of the shrinking world, which is a product of advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs). English language teaching too has become a complex and controversial issue as the influence of English continues to grow. In this essay I am going to provide evidence that the goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle should not be the Native-Like use of language. Since we are living with not only 'English' but indigenized varieties of 'Englishes' in today's world, this, in my view, is better understood with greater grasp of the concepts of World Englishes (WEs) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). Later on, the paper will probe more to the conceptual similarities and differences of WEs and ELF and the very common controversies around these phenomena. Further, I would look more closely into the implications of WEs/ELF on Teachers of English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). This would be a segment where this essay deals with the association, inclusion and involvement of them both in today's ELT. Then, the paper will also deal with the (in)appropriateness of native Standard English in expanding and outer circles with arguments for and against the native norms. At the same time, the need to incorpo rate World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca in testing would be discussed. Finally, the paper will hold a critical view of the native versus non-native teachers of English.The traditional view had that the correct form of English was the language used by educated British or American natives the so called Native Speakers (NS). Thus, indicating that the learners of the English language, who are, in fact, Non-Native Speakers (NNS) must follow the norms of the NS. So, one began consider NS to be the best teachers of the language, as they were the best models of the language using and they had reliable linguistic knowledge. As a result, Parents were willing to pay huge amount for their children to be taught English by native teachers, while schools considered it as abetter investment to employ native English teachers than the local English teachers.However, now the scenario has widely changed, though Rinvolucri (2008) believe we should continue to use the current 'standard native ' model in language teaching and learning, others, for example Barbra Seidlhofer (2004) and Jennifer Jenkins (2005) believe we must take stock of what is happening to English and its users, recognise the change and begin to describe and codify a new model such as a lingua Franca (ELF), which reflects how English is used by the majority of users in the world. The Concept of World Englishes (WEs) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) The history of world Englishes is backed to the end of the region of Queen Elizabeth I in sixteen century when English language was spoken by 'a relatively small group of mother-tongue speakers born and bred within the shore of British Isle' Jenkins (2003: 2) but nowadays it is spoken in almost all over the world. According to Jenkins (2003), the global spread of English has been viewed as two Diaspora.

Theater and war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theater and war - Essay Example The play starts off in a club, in Vietnam, and it was during a period before the Americans were removed from Saigon. The main theme that was brought out in the play was love. A seventeen year old orphan by the name Kim was working in the club, and there she met the engineer. At the same time, other ladies are preparing themselves for the nights show. The Americans knew that they were leaving Vietnam soon, and they were enjoying themselves with the prostitutes (Behr and Mark 95). Through the persuasion of John Thomas, Chris Scott who was a sergeant met Kim. He could be able to tell that Kim was a naive girl, but he dragged her in a room. Chris lamented on why God allowed him to meet Kim as they were almost leaving Vietnam. He persuaded her not to sell her body in the club because he wanted to marry her. Despite the risk that Saigon would be taken over by Vietnamese Chris was left behind and he traded a visa for Kim to move to America. Eventually, Chris married Kim in a wedding ceremon y (Behr and Mark 101). All my sons theatrical play The play all my sons are articles written by Arthur Miller, which describes betrayal to the American by Joe Keller. These events took place during the World War 2, where Joe Keller allowed his company to trade unworthy aero plane cylinders to be used by the United States armed forces. This caused the death of the American pilots who were more than twenty. Steve who was a business partner to Joe had noticed the unworthy parts, but Joe went ahead and allowed the shipment of the faulty parts. It was for this reason that the pilots died, and the two were arrested. However, Joe managed to release himself and the blame shifted to Steve. One of the main characters in the play is Kate Keller. She took part and the title mother in the play. She was described as the wife to Joe Keller and a mother to Chris and Larry. She lost her son Larry in the war and despite the fact that she had a successful man and another son she could not forget her s on Larry. She demonstrated more great issues than grief for the loss of her son, which was shown by her self-denial and delusions (Miller 7). She took her husband’s secret as a burden and still tried to show a clear conscience of an untroubled woman to the world. She tried to hide suspicion and nervousness, and this led to her suffering from nightmares and severe headaches (Miller 10). She had a character of self-preservation which developed her fantasies towards Larry. She still had hope of the return of Larry and feels threatened when someone close to Larry failed to share her confidence. Stage make ups and war plays A stage makeup is the mode of painting the stage to bring out the message in the play. It entirely involves the paintings, drawings and the costumes of the actors. The stage makeup plays a very major role in bringing out the appearance the actors want to portray. It also helps the public in understanding the message behind the play. The paintings and the drawin gs at the stage should be designed such that they explain the message of the play in a simpler way that will enable each and every person to understand. War plays are plays that are constructed to preach peace and reconciliation especially in regions that have recently faced warfare. The stage makeup