Standards Of Business Conduct And Ethics Essay - 2059 Words

Standards of Business Conduct and Ethics The core of every organization is its workforce, and the effectiveness of the people within the workforce is fundamentally based on the strength and adaptability of the organization’s culture. At the inception of the organization, the character, personal morals and ethics of the founders will influence how the organizational culture develops as the company grows. Today, the business world is rapidly evolving and adapting to new technologies, globalization, and increased multi-national corporations and business partners. It is imperative, given the likelihood of business people to interact and partner with culturally diverse workforces, that organizations develop clear standards of ethics and policies that state the standards of conduct that are expected of their workforce, regardless of where they may be doing business in the world. Failure to write and implement those policies will leave the organization with a weak and undefined culture that is open to conflict. Organizations must be aware of the state of their culture and constantly be building and strengthen that dynamic entity of the company as newcomers are absorbed. The policies and standards must be clear and shared openly with all current and perspective employees. The leadership must also be aware of their influence and provide their employees with a model of behavior that communicates the values and expectations of the organization that will follow the membersShow MoreRelatedEthics And Code Of Ethics1043 Words   |  5 PagesEthics are concerned with how human been ought to act given a certain set of condition. The ethics govern an individual while making decisions especially when multiple choices are represented. 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3 Poems Free Essays

string(143) " directive verbs which addresses to another person such as \(listen, look, come \(2x\), run \(2x\), jump, shout, laugh, dance, cry and sing\)\." Republic of the Philippines Tarlac State University COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Villa Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City 73 Poems (A Stylistic Analysis) In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In the course EM9 Introduction to Stylistics Submitted to: Mr. Christopher Ronn Q. Pagco Instructor [1] (listen) this a dog barks and how crazily houses eyes people smiles [5] faces streets steeples are eagerly tumbl ing through wonder ful sunlight [10] – look – selves,stir:writhe o-p-e-n-i-n-g are(leaves;flowers)dreams ,come quickly come [15] run run with me now jump shout(laugh dance cry sing)for it’s Spring [20] irrevocably; and in earth sky trees :every where a miracle arrives [25] (yes) you and I may not hurry it with a thousand poems my darling [30] but nobody will stop it With All The Policemen In The World (E. We will write a custom essay sample on 3 Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. Cummings, 73 Poems) Introduction Stylistic is very different from studying literature. That is why it is really difficult to do a stylistic analysis than to do a literary analysis. Because when doing a literary analysis, you just focus on the elements of the story and the theory being used. It is totally different when doing a Stylistic analysis, which you should always be based on facts. That is why doing a stylistic analysis is really factual and complicated. In doing a stylistic analysis, we try to explain how the words in the text create feelings and meanings. I will be analyzing the 73 poems of E. E. Cummings. I will show you the stylistic features of the poem. Edward Estlin Cummings was born October 14, 1894 in the town of Cambridge Massachusetts. His father, and most constant source of awe, Edward Cummings, was a professor of Sociology and Political Science at Harvard University. In 1900, Edward left Harvard to become the ordained minister of the South Congregational Church, in Boston. As a child, E. E. attended Cambridge public schools and lived during the summer with his family in their summer home in Silver Lake, New Hampshire. E. E. loved his childhood in Cambridge so much that he was inspired to write disputably his most famous poem, â€Å"In Just-â€Å". Not so much in, â€Å"In Just-† but Cummings took his father’s pastoral background and used it to preach in many of his other poems. In â€Å"you shall above all things be glad and young,† Cummings preaches to the reader in verse telling them to love with naivete and innocence, rather than listen to the world and depend on their mind. Attending Harvard, Cummings studied Greek and other languages. In college, Cummings was introduced to the writing and artistry of Ezra Pound, who was a large influence on E. E. and many other artists in his time. After graduation, Cummings volunteered for the Norton-Haries Ambulance Corps. En-route to France, Cummings met another recruit, William Slater Brown. The two became close friends, and as Brown was arrested for writing incriminating letters home, Cummings refused to separate from his friend and the two were sent to the La Ferte Mace concentration camp. The two friends were finally freed, only due to the persuasion of Cummings’ father. E. E. Cummings experimented with poetic form and language to create a distinct personal style. A Cummings poem is spare and precise, employing a few key words eccentrically placed on the page. Some of these words were invented by Cummings, often by combining two common words into a new synthesis. He also revised grammatical and linguistic rules to suit his own purposes, using such words as â€Å"if,† â€Å"am,† and â€Å"because† as nouns, for example, or assigning his own private meanings to words. Despite their nontraditional form, Cummings’ poems came to be popular with many readers. Stylistic Analysis Before I start the analysis itself, let me tell first my initial interpretation of the poem. This is my general interpretation of the poem. 73 poems is a book which is a collection of poems by E. E. Cummings. It has 73 pages and each poem does not have any title. The poem that I will be doing a stylistic analysis is found on page 63. The fact the E. E. Cummings did not make or put a title in each poem gives the reader the permission to give their own title. So for reference, I will use the word ‘Spring’ as a title. Since, it is the first word in the poem written in capital letter. Cummings’ poems are difficult to interpret because they contain striking irregularities. Many of E. E. Cummings poems that I have read appear to all the joy and new things it brings in life but other works symbolizes negativity to mankind. ‘Spring’ is a reference for a new life. It is a beginning. I have related it in the life of everyone. After the winter which can be a symbol of problems and struggles, we people are happy in the fact that spring is coming which can be a symbol that every problem has its ending and solution. When you are somehow forgetting God and not putting Him in the center of your life, it is like everything is wrong. But when you put Him in the center of your life, everything seems alright. When everything goes wrong just keep your faith. You will feel blessed and at ease at all times. And this new life with the Lord is ‘Spring’. I came up with this interpretation by merely looking at the words and by reading beyond the lines. Linguistic Stylistic Features I easily noticed that the poem consists of many nouns and verbs. NOUNSMAIN VERBSADJECTIVESADVERBS doglistenwonderfulcrazily housesbarkseasily yestumblingquickly peoplelookirrevocably smilesstir faceswrithe streetsopening steeplescome (2x) sunlightrun (2x) leavesjump flowersshout dreamslaugh earthdance skycry treessing miracleis poemsarrives policemenhurry worldstop 192114 The nouns are mostly concrete and only two are abstract (dreams and miracle). Nouns that are related to nature are dog, leaves, flowers, earth, sky, trees, miracle and world. Nouns that are related to human are houses, eyes, people, smiles, faces, streets, steeples, dreams, poems and policemen. There are no neologisms and no morphological deviation which Cummings is fond of using. It makes use of directive verbs which addresses to another person such as (listen, look, come (2x), run (2x), jump, shout, laugh, dance, cry and sing). You read "3 Poems" in category "Essay examples" The most striking aspect of deviation in ‘ Spring’ is the constant use of lower case letters instead of capital letters which is known as the graphological deviation. It is very typical of Cummings’ poems so I will no longer give significance to it. Cummings’ desire is to break the normal convention. The effect of graphological deviation is to foreground the words which are written in capital letters. Since ‘Spring’ is the first word which is written in capital letter, I can say that it plays a big role in the meaning of the poem. Some of the words are really written in a strange manner. In lines 7 and 8, Cummings divides the word tumbling so that the progressive morpheme –ing appears on a separate line. In these lines, the verb appears to tumble from one line to the next. I think it is a way for us to understand the action being done as an important concept in the poem. In lines 8 and 9, the word wonderful runs across the morphemes (wonder and ful). I can interpret it in two ways, the noun wonder and the adjective wonderful. There is astrong element of foregrounding in the last stanza (With All The Policemen In The World) since the words start in capital letters which make it stand out. There is also lack of phonological parallelism, obvious lack of punctuation and it follows the grammatical ordering which follows the rules of syntax. Perhaps, Policemen is used because they are the stereotype example of powerful people. There is also the second pronoun (you) in line 26 and it has an addressee referred to ‘my darling’ in line 29. Suggesting that there is a romantic relationship between the speaker and whomever he is referring or addressing to. Semantic Deviation In lines 12 and 13, (o-p-e-n-i-n-g/are(leaves;flowers)dreams). In line 13, leaves and flowers mean that they are physically opening. Dreams cannot actually open. It breaks the rule of subject-verb-object. It will be more appropriate to say the leaves and flowers are opening. It makes me arrive to the interpretation that the poet’s dreams are opening metaphorically. In line 2 (this a dog barks). The possible explanation of this is that this is used to show that the speaker is referring to a specific dog, but a is used to show that the speaker is not sure of the dog’s name. Grammatical Deviation Cummings used much punctuation where it would not be necessary. Example is in lines 12 and 13 (o-p-e-n-i-n-g/are(leaves;flowers)dreams). This phrase is being bracketed where punctuations are not needed. In lines 3 to 6 (how crazily houses/eyes people smiles/faces streets/ steeples are eagerly) and in line 22 (earth sky trees) groups of nouns are often run together without punctuation. Cummings split the progressive participle ‘opening’ into its component letters (o-p-e-n-i-n-g). The hyphens are used to express that opening of Spring is a long, drown out process and slow. The following line (are(leaves;flowers)dreams) contains no spaces between words and punctuation marks. Dynamic verbs such as in line 10 (-look-) which comes with hyphens on both sides, the initial verb in line 14 (,come quickly come) which starts with a comma and in line 11 (selves,stir:writhe) which is connected by a colon and lack of space which makes them foregrounded. Actions are foregrounded in different ways. In line 15 (run run) I noticed that there is repetition of words. In lines 16, 17 and 18 (with me now/jump shout(laugh dance cry sing)for) the verbs occur in unpunctuated list. Tense Most of the verbs are in present tense. The simple present tense are barks (line 2), is (line 9) and arrives (line 24). There are present progressive verbs such as are eagerly/tumbling (lines 6, 7 and 8) and o-p-e-n-i-n-g/are (lines 12 and 13). There are also progressive present participles (tumbling and opening) indicates the ongoing nature of action. There are also four adverbs of manner which convey sense of speed (quickly), excitement (crazily, eagerly) and inevitability (irrevocably). Sound Patterns I found the repetition of particular sound which is in the phonological order. There is a degree of phonological parallelism in each stanza except the last two stanza. There are 3 repetitions of vowel sounds. how crazily houses (line 3) eyes people smiles (line 4) steeples are eagerly (line 6) †¦wonderful sunlight (lines 8 and 9) , come quickly come (line 14) sing) for it’s Spring (line 19) Conclusion The effect of foregrounding is to make it unusually easy for us to understand the poem. Actually after doing the stylistic analysis of the poem, I never thought that the real meaning of the poem is very superficial because on my interpretation is something that is not explicitly shown. And knowing E. E. Cummings’ of poems most of them or maybe a lot of them entails deeper meaning which you as a reader should really think of the possible interpretation of the poem. And ‘Spring’ is an exception to that. Now that I have analyzed the poem stylistically, I am in the position to give the meaning of the poem. ‘Spring’ is an active and dynamic poem since most of the words express movements and it involves senses. The poem is to be address to a lover that nobody can stop the love that he feels for the love if his life. It is also to acknowledge the inevitability of the natural world. With All The Policemen In The World expresses that nothing or nobody is able to stop the progression of Spring or the poet’s love to his addressee. Reflection Essay â€Å"Am I able to do it? † that is the question that really tickled my mind and bothered me a lot. Stylistic analysis is a new endeavor for me. It is very far different from doing a literary analysis and critizing a literary piece which I am comfortable and confident in doing. When I am doing the analysis itself, I can say that the feeling is really vague. It is like I am on something and I do not know where and what to do. I do not know how to start. But as I am on the process of doing the stylistic analysis, I felt a part of me feeling fulfillment. The most important thing that I have learned in doing the stylistic analysis is discipline as how foregrounding is the corner stone of stylistics. Because I believe that discipline is the corner stone for you to achieve something that you want. Discipline comes from the heart. I know that this is the reason behind why I was able to do my stylistic analysis. I have the heart and the passion in doing this. Patience is also a virtue that I have developed. Because doing a stylistic analysis is a long process. It does not stop on finding and noticing the foregrounded parts of the poem. You have to prove and say your piece of why and how that part of the poem is foregrounded. You have to go back to the lines on the poem many times. You have also to devote your time in analyzing the poem because you are basing your works on facts and not by merely looking the words on the poem. At first, I admit that I will be having a hard time doing it. But as I go through the process and making the first move, I found myself having fun and enjoying what am I doing. Doing a stylistic analysis is something that we should not be afraid of. In fact, it is an easy thing to do as long as you are guided with the correct steps to follow in doing the analysis. As I did the analysis of the poem, I found myself proud. Proud in the fact that, I finished my analysis with my own blood and sweat. It made me somehow feel that I am a certified sylistician even though it was only my first time to do a stylistic analysis. Upon finishing my analysis, I have reflected that stylistic analysis is like life. It is like the authors of poems. They write poems using their own perspective and style because that is what they like. Nobody is dictating them to do so. Another thing is that doing a stylistic analysis is a process. In this way, life also follows a certain process. A good example of this is that, when you want to achieve something, start from the basic step before you can go to a more difficult one, life is really a process, you cannot get want you want with just a blink of an eye. It is something that we should always work for. The stylistic analysis helped me in many ways. Not only on the virtues that I have developed, the discipline but also the academic value it taught me. It made me see the world of literature vividly. I can say that literature is really an interesting work of art. References: http://www. lancs. ac. uk/fass/projects/stylistics/sa1/example. htm http://famouspoetsandpoems. com/poets/e__e__cummings How to cite 3 Poems, Essay examples

Describe the Social, Cultural and Political Features of Classical Athens and Ancient Sparta free essay sample

Sparta then experienced a period of great wealth and power in the Greek region until, the Messinian people who had been enslaved by the Spartans revolted wanting their freedom and land back. It took Sparta twenty years to conquer the revolt and it became clear that the Spartans had to change their way of life. So, they turned themselves into a military state, establishing their military power across Greece. Unlike Sparta, Athens was not a military-based state but rather an aristocracy, led by noble families, and its from here their early problems stemmed. Athens problems were cause by the greed and power of their noble positions and they constant bickering between themselves over control of the city. On the other end of the spectrum, the poor faced many problems and hardships as the nobles forced them into slavery and into debt, taking their land. Religion was a cultural aspect that all Greeks had in common. They worshipped the same family of Gods and Goddesses and built temples, carried out sacrifices and celebrated festivals in the Gods name. In return, the Greeks believed that the Gods would protect them, make their crops grow and grant them favours. The Gods and Goddesses each had particular powers and responsibilities and each was responsible for an aspect of Greek society. The Greeks also worshipped heroes, some of who were sons of gods and goddesses. Each city-state was also under the protection of a patron deity; Spartas was Apollo God of Prophecy, Music and Healing, Athens was Athena Goddess of Wisdom. This cultural aspect of Sparta and Athens was quite alike. Mythology is Ancient Greece was an all-important aspect of Greek Religion. Greek mythology is the body of myths and etchings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their Gods and Heroes, the Nature of the World and the origins and significance of their ritual practices. Mythology consisted of figures such as; Hercules, Perseus, Medusa, Hydra and Kraken. Spartan and Athenian social structures were very quite different. All Spartan babies were inspected for physical health by tribal leaders; and if he or she wasnt physically healthy it was taken to a place on Mount Taygetus and left to die. From ages thirteen to eighteen, young men were very strictly trained; if they did not do as expected, their teachers flogged them. They were given one piece of clothing to training for both Summer and Winter, went barefoot, exercised naked and were given very little food. Growing into adults, Spartans were expected to take on more personal responsibility in order to exercise authority and discipline. These included; training youths by telling them about the honourable behaviour of older Spartans, and supervising their training. Education within Sparta wasnt seen as a high priority they just continued to train. Marriage in Sparta was expected after the age of twenty and men were punished if they remained bachelors. Although Spartan men didnt have much of a social life however they did enjoy numerous leisure activities including: music, dancing, festivals and hunting. In Athens, unlike Sparta, it was believed that males should have a balanced education; early education concentrated on writing, grammar, reciting poetry and music. At fourteen, they were trained physically at gymnastics, wrestling, running, jumping, discus, javelin and boxing variations. Gradually as they grew up they were also expected to learn basic military skills. The sons of wealthy learnt to ride and were often taken to listen to teachers and sophists, who gave them instructions in culture, politics and argument. In opposition to the Spartans, Athenians lived very social lives. They spent there days in the agora; to meet family and friends, wander around to see foreign foods or go to the boarder to gossip. Other actives include; exercise in the palestra, relaxing in public baths, festivals and parties. Gambling and drinking however, were the chief activities in the night such as cock fighting and games of dice. Socially, Sparta and Athens had many things in common however, they also came into conflict about many aspects of social life. Citizenship in Athens and Sparta had their similarities however, were in-fact quite different. Citizenship in Sparta was generally only for males but not all men living in the city state could be citizens. In order to be accepted as a full Spartan citizen one had to; show that both parents were descended from the original Dorians, completed all six stages of the agoge, which was the Spartan military and educational system and be a member of the syssitia a military club. Spartan citizens were called homoioi meaning peers or equal and were full-time soldiers, forbidden to do any other work. Total loyalty was expected to the state and authority. Other requirements included: being physical fit and prepared for war, they were expected to attend the assembly to vote on issues and any man would much rather prefer death that defeat in war. In Athens, to prove citizen eligibility, an Athenian man had to show he was born in Athens, both parents were born in Athens, were of a citizen class and were both legitimately married. Athenian citizens were expected to be interested and involved in everything about their city-state and to be well-informed politically. Another key duty, was to attend the peoples assembly to take part in debates and vote on issues. Women played a major role in the functioning of both Athens and Sparta. Athenian women were expected to run their husbands household effectively and successfully. However, it was a heavy responsibility for a teenager, as most Athenian girls were married at the age of fourteen or fifteen. Although they were trained to cope well, they spent most of their childhood being educated by their mothers learning house-hold tasks, how to be a good house-hold manager and to care for children. Women didnt necessarily have rights politically and socially and were not allowed to mix with men. Instead, they lived fairly secluded live in the gynaikon the womens quarters of the house. All women also had a guardian who had complete control over them. Unlike Athenian women, Spartan womens duty was to produce strong and healthy children and they werent required to do house-hold chores. Like Athenian women, they didnt have many political rights and were not allowed to vote, however, they were more socially active than Athenians, they could mix with men and spent much of there time outside. Like all Spartans, they trained in gymnastics, running, wrestling , discus and javelin. But, it was there beauty that made them admirable, they were not allowed to wear cosmetics, jewellery, perfume and expensive clothes as they were admired for there natural beauty and physique. Playing important roles in Spartan and Athenian society were the: periocci, helots, slaves and metics. Periocci and Helots were endemic to Sparta and played a major role in society. Periocci were free land dwellers, some of which were land owners and were most often; traders, craftsmen, sailors and fisherman. They engaged in trade and industry and their chief contribution to Sparta was economic. Although they didnt quite have the rights of citizens they owed there allegiance to Sparta and were expected to serve as a hoplite in the military however, wasnt involved in the Spartan training program. Helots were also endemic to Sparta, were near the bottom of the social hierarchy and were possessions of Sparta. They were the original inhabitants of Laconia and Messenia who were lands conquered by the Spartans. Their main role was agricultural, providing food for Spartans. They had no political rights and while they could live on the land with their family they werent allowed to move without government permission. The helots were a constant threat to security and always under suspicion and were threated very harshly. At times, helots were killed by the krypteia a secret police, to keep control. Making comparisons were the Athenian slaves and metics, slaves worked most commonly for rich men who owned them, they did common house-hold tasks. Most slaves were not Greek some of which were prisoners of war. There was a special group of slaves that were owned by the state known as Scythian Archers, who kept control of citizens at assemblies. Metics like periocci worked as traders, craftsmen, shopkeepers and bankers, and also had no political rights and couldnt own land or a house. Government in Sparta and Athens were of complete conflict. Sparta was an oligarchy which was a system or government were the rule was by the few while on the other-hand, Athens was a democracy a system of government were the rule was by the people. Sparta was ruled by two kings whose main duties were military and religiously based. They were supreme commanders of the army and held office as long as the Gods were pleased. However, the gerousia obtained the most power also limiting the kings power. It was a council of thirty men, including the two kings, and functioned, offering advice on political decisions, preparing bills to be presented and act as a court of justice in cases of treason. Another ruling power was the ephors who were five men selected each year who supervised the training and discipline as well as administering civil justice and issuing orders to mobilise armies. The paella was the assembly of Spartiates who voted on legislation, by simply clapping or saying yes or no. Over in Athens, the rule is different, its democratic, meaning the rule was by the people. There was three groups which contributed to Athenian government: The Assembly or Ecclessie; the The Council or Boule; and the Generals or Strategoi. The government featured all adult, male citizens who had the right to vote and propose legislation, they were also all allowed to stand for office. People were allowed to hold office for one year which limited their potential to develop too much power. The Ecclessie was the sovereign body of Athenian government and determined the way the vote went by a show of hands, The Boule, was a council of 500 men, consisting of fifty councillors from each tribe, they dealt with day-to-day business of Athens and proposed law for the Esslessie. They were elected by lot, annually and could hold office twice in an entire lifetime however, the member must be over thirty years of age. The Generals or Strategoi, is a group of ten generals who were elected annually by the assembly. They were in control of the Athenian navy, army and calvary and could be fined if they didnt carry out their duties. In this aspect of political society Athens and Sparta differed greatly. Classical Athens and Ancient Spartan warfare, were allies and also shared many common aspects. The most common of these was the hoplite phalanx, a hoplite was a Greek soldier who formed the phalanx, which was the formation used in Spartan and Athenian tactics. Hoplites were organised in the phalanx, row beyond row of men arranged with a wall of shields between each. The Strategos led the charge from the most vulnerable decision. The first four rows advanced with spears horizontal and behind their spears vertical. The large shield the hoplites carried provided a wall that became crucial to the phalanxs effectiveness. As the lines neared the phalanx broke into a run, the challenge was to keep cohesive while gaining enough speed for the initial contact. When they did meet, the forward ranks did the hacking and spearing they could while the rear kept up the pressure. Hoplite soldiers armoury was called the panoply, consisting of a shield, helmet, breastplate, greaves, sword, spear and tunic. Aspects that differed from each other, was the Athenian Navy, although the Spartans has a naval fleet the Athenian were the dominators of sea battle, The Athenian navy was comprised around the Trireme, which was the basis of Athenian power, wealth and Empire it was a manoeuvrable, quick rowing boat used to ran the opposing ships causing their hull to break and eventually sink. However, the Spartan Army was undoubtably the greatest military power in Greece, All Spartan citizens between the ages of eighteen and sixty were full time soldiers. Units of periodic and helots accompanied the Spartans to war and commander in chief of the army were the two Spartan Kings. Although hoplites were armed in the same way as other Greeks there were rituals and features to recognise then as Spartans; When Spartans were in sight of battle, they polished their weapons and groomed their hair, they placed garlands on their heads and the king would sacrifice a female goat, then take an omen from the Gods, although he would only send his men into battle if the omen was favourable. The Spartan and Athenian Armies had similar however different codes of honour when it came to war. The Athenians believed combat should be bloody, horrible and decisive. While Spartans believed they should never retreat in battle, stand firm no matter the odds and defeat the enemy or die. In conclusion, the powerhouses of Ancient Greece: Athens and Spartans shared many aspects of their society while they also differed from each other in their particular forms, in all aspects of social, cultural and political life.